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        <h1 class="article-title">python对象与dict互转</h1>
    
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        <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-python类型"><span class="toc-text">1.python类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-对象转dict"><span class="toc-text">2.对象转dict</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-dict"><span class="toc-text">2-1.dict</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-dict函数"><span class="toc-text">2-2.dict函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-3-属性方式"><span class="toc-text">2-3.属性方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-4-总结"><span class="toc-text">2-4.总结</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-dict转对象"><span class="toc-text">3.dict转对象</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-peewee转化model"><span class="toc-text">4.peewee转化model</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-应用"><span class="toc-text">5.应用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-json序列化"><span class="toc-text">5-1.json序列化</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-2-简单版"><span class="toc-text">5-2.简单版</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-3-封装对象版"><span class="toc-text">5-3.封装对象版</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-4-代码"><span class="toc-text">5-4.代码</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
    
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        <p>先说下使用场景：python处理完业务逻辑，将一个结果封装成统一格式对象返回给前台，以json格式。json格式化需要是python的基本。</p>
<h2 id="1-python类型"><a href="#1-python类型" class="headerlink" title="1.python类型"></a>1.python类型</h2><p><strong>标准数据类型</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>不可变<ul>
<li>Number（数字）<blockquote>
<p> int、float、bool、complex</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>String（字符串）</li>
<li>Tuple（元组）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>可变<ul>
<li>List（列表）</li>
<li>Set（集合）</li>
<li>Dictionary（字典）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>相互转化</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">函数</th>
<th align="left">描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left">int(x)</td>
<td align="left">将x转换为一个整数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">float(x)</td>
<td align="left">将x转换到一个浮点数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">complex(real)</td>
<td align="left">创建一个复数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">str(x)</td>
<td align="left">将对象 x 转换为字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">repr(x)</td>
<td align="left">将对象 x 转换为表达式字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">eval(str)</td>
<td align="left">用来计算在字符串中的有效Python表达式,并返回一个对象</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">tuple(s)</td>
<td align="left">将序列 s 转换为一个元组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">list(s)</td>
<td align="left">将序列 s 转换为一个列表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">set(s)</td>
<td align="left">转换为可变集合</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">dict(d)</td>
<td align="left">创建一个字典。d 必须是一个 (key, value)元组序列。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">frozenset(s)</td>
<td align="left">转换为不可变集合</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">chr(x)</td>
<td align="left">将一个整数转换为一个字符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">ord(x)</td>
<td align="left">将一个字符转换为它的整数值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">hex(x)</td>
<td align="left">将一个整数转换为一个十六进制字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">oct(x)</td>
<td align="left">将一个整数转换为一个八进制字符串</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="2-对象转dict"><a href="#2-对象转dict" class="headerlink" title="2.对象转dict"></a>2.对象转dict</h2><p>python的dict只能采用<code>obj[&quot;name&quot;]</code>的方式来写入和读取</p>
<p>python的ojb只能采取<code>obj.name</code>的方式来读取和写入</p>
<p><strong>三种方式</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>__dict__</code><blockquote>
<p>在<code>__init__</code>方法和对象显示赋值的属性才会转化</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>dict函数<blockquote>
<p>需要定义<code>keys</code>和<code>__getitem__</code>方法，所有属性都会转化dict</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>取出对象里属性名和值，塞到dict中<blockquote>
<p>需要遍历对象的属性</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>三种方式以1千万的量，测试下它们性能</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方式</th>
<th>耗时</th>
<th>性能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><code>__dict__</code></td>
<td>0.7秒</td>
<td>高</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>dict函数</code></td>
<td>11秒</td>
<td>中</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>属性</code></td>
<td>3分12秒</td>
<td>低</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<blockquote>
<p>直接取属性值最快，自定义<code>__getitem__</code>方法次之，遍历属性最慢</p>
</blockquote>
<p>如何对<code>__init__</code>、<code>__dict__</code>、<code>vars</code>、<code>__getitem__</code>不太了解的，可以分别查看下这两篇文章</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://iworkh.gitee.io/blog/2020/06/24/python-tool-buildin-func/">python-内置函数</a></li>
<li><a href="https://iworkh.gitee.io/blog/2020/06/25/python-tool-buildin-attr/">python-内置属性</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-1-dict"><a href="#2-1-dict" class="headerlink" title="2-1.dict"></a>2-1.dict</h3><pre><code class="python"># 对象类
class User:
    is_admin = False
    desc = &#39;&#39;

    def __init__(self, name) -&gt; None:
        self.name = name
        self.age = 1

# 测试方法
class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_user(self):
        user = User(&#39;iworkh&#39;)
        user.is_admin = True
        # 只有塞值的时候，才会转化为dic
        # desc没有塞值，dic中没有
        print(user.__dict__)
        pass</code></pre>
<p><strong>结果：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>{‘name’: ‘iworkh’, ‘age’: 1, ‘is_admin’: True}<br><code>name和age</code>在init函数里定义，<code>is_admin</code>通过对象塞值了，三个属性值都显示。<br>而<code>desc</code>不在init函数中，也没有塞值，没有显示</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="2-2-dict函数"><a href="#2-2-dict函数" class="headerlink" title="2-2.dict函数"></a>2-2.dict函数</h3><pre><code class="python"># 对象类
class Product:
    price = 10
    desc = &#39;&#39;

    def __init__(self, name) -&gt; None:
        self.name = name

    def keys(self):
        &#39;&#39;&#39;当对实例化对象使用dict(obj)的时候, 会调用这个方法,这里定义了字典的键, 其对应的值将以obj[&#39;name&#39;]的形式取,
       但是对象是不可以以这种方式取值的, 为了支持这种取值, 可以为类增加一个方法&#39;&#39;&#39;
        return (&#39;name&#39;, &#39;price&#39;, &#39;desc&#39;)

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        &#39;&#39;&#39;内置方法, 当使用obj[&#39;name&#39;]的形式的时候, 将调用这个方法, 这里返回的结果就是值&#39;&#39;&#39;
        return getattr(self, item)

# 测试方法
class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_product(self):
        product = Product(&#39;book&#39;)
        print(dict(product))
        pass</code></pre>
<p><strong>结果：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>{‘name’: ‘book’, ‘price’: 10, ‘desc’: ‘’}<br>都显示，但是需要定义<code>keys</code>和<code>__getitem__</code>函数，上卖弄都有注释就不解释了</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="2-3-属性方式"><a href="#2-3-属性方式" class="headerlink" title="2-3.属性方式"></a>2-3.属性方式</h3><p><strong>工具类</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class objDictTool:
    @staticmethod
    def to_dic(obj):
        dic = {}
        for fieldkey in dir(obj):
            fieldvaule = getattr(obj, fieldkey)
            if not fieldkey.startswith(&quot;__&quot;) and not callable(fieldvaule) and not fieldkey.startswith(&quot;_&quot;):
                dic[fieldkey] = fieldvaule
        return dic</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>这只取了不是<code>__</code>和<code>_</code>开头的属性，如需要可以修改代码</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="python"># 对象类
class Order:
    order_no: str = &#39;&#39;
    desc = &#39;&#39;

    def __init__(self, name) -&gt; None:
        self.name = name
        self.age = 1

# 测试方法
class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_order_by_attr(self):
        user = User(&#39;iworkh&#39;)
        dic = objDictTool.to_dic(user)
        print(dic)
        pass</code></pre>
<p><strong>结果：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>{‘age’: 1, ‘desc’: ‘’, ‘is_admin’: False, ‘name’: ‘iworkh’}</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="2-4-总结"><a href="#2-4-总结" class="headerlink" title="2-4.总结"></a>2-4.总结</h3><p>三种方式各特点，使用时要注意不同的场合</p>
<p><strong>三种方法以1千万的量测了下它们性能</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方式</th>
<th>耗时</th>
<th>性能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><code>__dict__</code></td>
<td>0.7秒</td>
<td>高</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>dict函数</code></td>
<td>11秒</td>
<td>中</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>属性</code></td>
<td>3分12秒</td>
<td>低</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><strong>使用场景：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>如果您能保证对的属性值都塞了，或者没有的值属性不转化到dict也没关系，那么可以选择<code>__dict__</code>方式</li>
<li>如果要obj转dict的对象不多，整个项目中就几个类对应的对象，而且要全部属性(即使没塞值的，也要转到dict中)，那么可以选择<code>dict函数</code>方式</li>
<li>如果要obj转dict的类很多，但是不会频繁转化（因为效率低），那么可以选择<code>属性</code>方式。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-dict转对象"><a href="#3-dict转对象" class="headerlink" title="3.dict转对象"></a>3.dict转对象</h2><p><strong>工具类</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class objDictTool:
    @staticmethod
    def to_obj(obj: object, **data):
        obj.__dict__.update(data)</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>通过对象的<code>__dict__</code>属性，然后调用<code>update</code>更新方法，将data的值赋给obj</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="python">class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_dict_to_obj(self):
        product_dic = {&#39;name&#39;: &#39;python&#39;, &#39;price&#39;: 10, &#39;desc&#39;: &#39;python对象和dic转化&#39;}
        product_obj = Product(&#39;test&#39;)
        objDictTool.to_obj(product_obj, **product_dic)
        print(&quot;名称: {}, 价格: {},  描述: {}&quot;.format(product_obj.name, product_obj.price, product_obj.desc))
        pass</code></pre>
<p><strong>结果：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>名称: python, 价格: 10,  描述: python对象和dic转化</p>
</blockquote>
<p>objDictTool里的一个<code>to_dic</code>和<code>to_obj</code>就组成了obj和dict互转的工具类型了。</p>
<h2 id="4-peewee转化model"><a href="#4-peewee转化model" class="headerlink" title="4.peewee转化model"></a>4.peewee转化model</h2><p>如果项目中使用的了peewee的话，那么可以使用<code>model_to_dict</code>和<code>dict_to_model</code>，将model和dict项目转化</p>
<p><strong>model定义</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class UserModel(BaseModel):
    user_name = CharField(max_length=20, null=True, verbose_name=&quot;用户名&quot;)
    nick_name = CharField(max_length=20, null=True, verbose_name=&quot;昵称&quot;)
    password = CharField(max_length=20, null=True, verbose_name=&quot;密码&quot;)
    phone = CharField(max_length=11, index=True, unique=True, verbose_name=&quot;手机号码&quot;)
    sex = CharField(max_length=1, choices=SEXES, verbose_name=&quot;性别&quot;)

    class Meta:
        table_name = &#39;T_ACTION_USER&#39;</code></pre>
<p><strong>转化使用</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">from playhouse.shortcuts import model_to_dict

class UserService:
    async def create(self, userModel):
        await objects.create(UserModel, **model_to_dict(userModel))</code></pre>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="fa admonition-title">注意：</p>
<p>
    dict_to_model使用和model_to_dict类似，注意：项目项目使用peewee才可以用
</p>
</div>


<h2 id="5-应用"><a href="#5-应用" class="headerlink" title="5.应用"></a>5.应用</h2><p>我们来解决，文章开始抛出的使用场景：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>python处理完业务逻辑，将一个结果封装成统一格式对象返回给前台，以json格式。json格式化需要是python的基本。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>比如我们需要每次返回的结果都下：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>错误时</strong>：success为false, errorCode和message有值</li>
<li><strong>正常时</strong>：success为true, data有的数据</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>json格式</strong></p>
<pre><code class="json">{
    &quot;success&quot;: true,
    &quot;errorCode&quot;: 0,
    &quot;message&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;data&quot;: {
        &quot;id&quot;: 2,
        &quot;created_date&quot;: &quot;2020-06-24T14:47:21&quot;,
        &quot;update_date&quot;: &quot;2020-06-24T14:47:21&quot;,
        &quot;user_name&quot;: &quot;iworkh&quot;,
        &quot;nick_name&quot;: &quot;沐雨云楼&quot;
    }
}</code></pre>
<p><strong>实体类</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class Comment:
    title: str = &#39;&#39;
    author: str = &#39;&#39;
    desc: str = &#39;&#39;
    create_time: datetime = datetime.now()</code></pre>
<h3 id="5-1-json序列化"><a href="#5-1-json序列化" class="headerlink" title="5-1.json序列化"></a>5-1.json序列化</h3><p>开始之前，还是先讲得解下json的序列化知识</p>
<p>使用 JSON 函数需要导入 json 库：<strong>import json</strong>。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">函数</th>
<th align="left">描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left">json.dumps</td>
<td align="left">将 Python 对象编码成 JSON 字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">json.loads</td>
<td align="left">将已编码的 JSON 字符串解码为 Python 对象</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><strong>python 原始类型向 json 类型的转化对照表：</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">Python</th>
<th align="left">JSON</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left">dict</td>
<td align="left">object</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">list, tuple</td>
<td align="left">array</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">str, unicode</td>
<td align="left">string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">int, long, float</td>
<td align="left">number</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">True</td>
<td align="left">true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">False</td>
<td align="left">false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">None</td>
<td align="left">null</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><strong>json 类型转换到 python 的类型对照表：</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">JSON</th>
<th align="left">Python</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left">object</td>
<td align="left">dict</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">array</td>
<td align="left">list</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">string</td>
<td align="left">unicode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">number (int)</td>
<td align="left">int, long</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">number (real)</td>
<td align="left">float</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">true</td>
<td align="left">True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">false</td>
<td align="left">False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">null</td>
<td align="left">None</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>那下面我们来看下如何处理上我们上面的场景</p>
<h3 id="5-2-简单版"><a href="#5-2-简单版" class="headerlink" title="5-2.简单版"></a>5-2.简单版</h3><div class="admonition attention">
<p class="fa admonition-title">警告</p>
<p>
   注意下面代码层层迭代过程，从出错到正确的演变，最终达到可用代码。不要只追求结果，要知道其步步演变的过程。
</p>
</div>

<p><strong>测试类</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_json(self):
        # 返回json时，序列化对象要是python原始类型：
        # dict, list, tuple, str, unicode, int, long, float, True, False, None
        comment = Comment()
        comment.title = &#39;python工具类-obj转dict&#39;
        comment.author = &#39;沐雨云楼&#39;
        comment.desc = &#39;怎么玩呢？&#39;
        result = {&#39;success&#39;: True, &#39;data&#39;: comment}
        json_str = json.dumps(result)
        print(json_str)
        pass</code></pre>
<p>思考有没问题？能得到预期的结果嘛？</p>
<p><strong>结果：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>报错：<code>Object of type Comment is not JSON serializable</code></p>
</blockquote>
<p>如果有java基础肯定直到，一个对象要虚拟化得实现<code>serializable</code>接口,为什么？</p>
<blockquote>
<p>可以查看这篇文章 <a href="https://iworkh.gitee.io/blog/2020/06/20/java-base-serializable/">java序列化</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>解决办法：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>就是本文前面将的如何将obj转化为dict的知识了，修改代码如下</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="python">class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_json(self):
        # 返回json时，序列化对象要是 python原始类型：
        # dict, list, tuple, str, unicode, int, long, float, True, False, None
        comment = Comment()
        comment.title = &#39;python工具类-obj转dict&#39;
        comment.author = &#39;沐雨云楼&#39;
        comment.desc = &#39;怎么玩呢？&#39;
        result = {&#39;success&#39;: True, &#39;data&#39;: comment}
        json_str = json.dumps(result, default=lambda obj: obj.__dict__, sort_keys=True, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
        print(json_str)
        pass</code></pre>
<p>dumps几个参数说明</p>
<ul>
<li><code>default</code>: 指定如何<strong>任意一个对象变成一个可序列为JSON的对象</strong>的函数，这使用的是<code>lambda</code>表达式</li>
<li><code>sort_keys</code> : 安装对象的属性字母顺序排序</li>
<li><code>indent</code>: json格式化时，使用的空格数</li>
<li><code>ensure_ascii</code>: False不转换为asccii码</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>结果</strong></p>
<pre><code class="json">{
    &quot;data&quot;: {
        &quot;author&quot;: &quot;沐雨云楼&quot;,
        &quot;desc&quot;: &quot;怎么玩呢？&quot;,
        &quot;title&quot;: &quot;python工具类-obj转dict&quot;
    },
    &quot;success&quot;: true
}</code></pre>
<p><strong>下面的写法跟上面是完全等效的</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_json(self):
        # 返回json时，序列化对象要是 python原始类型：
        # dict, list, tuple, str, unicode, int, long, float, True, False, None
        comment = Comment()
        comment.title = &#39;python工具类-obj转dict&#39;
        comment.author = &#39;沐雨云楼&#39;
        comment.desc = &#39;怎么玩呢？&#39;
        result = {&#39;success&#39;: True, &#39;data&#39;: comment.__dict__}
        json_str = json.dumps(result, sort_keys=True, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
        print(json_str)
        pass</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>不使用<code>default</code>，将data设置为dict</p>
</blockquote>
<p>我们有没发现，这种方式，如果没有塞值的话，那么dict里是没有，比如这里<code>create_time</code>，json格式化没出来</p>
<p><strong>塞create_time值</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_json(self):
        # 返回json时，序列化对象要是 python原始类型：
        # dict, list, tuple, str, unicode, int, long, float, True, False, None
        comment = Comment()
        comment.title = &#39;python工具类-obj转dict&#39;
        comment.author = &#39;沐雨云楼&#39;
        comment.desc = &#39;怎么玩呢？&#39;
        comment.create_time=datetime.now()
        result = {&#39;success&#39;: True, &#39;data&#39;: comment}
        json_str = json.dumps(result, default=lambda obj: obj.__dict__, sort_keys=True, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
        print(json_str)
        pass</code></pre>
<p>这样<code>create_time</code>时间就能出来了嘛？</p>
<p><strong>结果：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>不好意思，还是没有。报错了: ‘datetime.datetime’ object has no attribute ‘<strong>dict</strong>‘</p>
</blockquote>
<p>json格式化，要对时间类型特殊处理</p>
<p><strong>文件名json_tool.py的工具类</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">from datetime import datetime, date

def json_serial(obj):
    if isinstance(obj, (datetime, date)):
        return obj.isoformat()
    raise TypeError(&quot;Type {} s not serializable&quot;.format(type(obj)))</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>对对象是datetime和date特殊处理</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>修改代码如下：</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
   def test_json(self):
        # 返回json时，序列化对象要是 python原始类型：
        # dict, list, tuple, str, unicode, int, long, float, True, False, None
        comment = Comment()
        comment.title = &#39;python工具类-obj转dict&#39;
        comment.author = &#39;沐雨云楼&#39;
        comment.desc = &#39;怎么玩呢？&#39;
        comment.create_time = datetime.now()

        result = {&#39;success&#39;: True, &#39;data&#39;: comment.__dict__}
        json_str = json.dumps(result, default=json_serial, sort_keys=True, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
        print(json_str)
        pass</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>这就没有问题了，最后结果也包含了时间</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="json">{
    &quot;data&quot;: {
        &quot;author&quot;: &quot;沐雨云楼&quot;,
        &quot;create_time&quot;: &quot;2020-06-24T22:30:56.890901&quot;,
        &quot;desc&quot;: &quot;怎么玩呢？&quot;,
        &quot;title&quot;: &quot;python工具类-obj转dict&quot;
    },
    &quot;success&quot;: true
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="5-3-封装对象版"><a href="#5-3-封装对象版" class="headerlink" title="5-3.封装对象版"></a>5-3.封装对象版</h3><p>我们先上面简化的缺点,主要以这两行代码来说：</p>
<p><strong>简单版代码片段</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">result = {&#39;success&#39;: True, &#39;data&#39;: comment.__dict__}
json_str = json.dumps(result, default=json_serial, sort_keys=True, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)</code></pre>
<p><strong>缺点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>result是自己定义的一个<code>{}</code>dict，每个人可能不一样，而且可能写错，比如<code>success</code>写错了<code>sucesss</code>,那么跟前台接受数据格式对比不上；<code>data</code>换成了<code>result</code>等，所有用到的地方都得修改</li>
<li>json.dumps的参数，每次都要写一长串</li>
</ul>
<p>因此，需要对<code>result</code>进一步封装，封装一个对象<code>JsonDataResult</code>，将对象转为json再传递。</p>
<p><strong>将result封装为JsonDataResult</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">import json
import 省略

class JsonDataResult:
    success: bool = False
    errorCode: int = 0
    message: str = &#39;&#39;
    data: dict = None

    def keys(self):
        return (&#39;success&#39;, &#39;errorCode&#39;, &#39;message&#39;, &#39;data&#39;)

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return getattr(self, item)

    def to_json(self):
        return json.dumps(dict(self), default=json_serial, sort_keys=True, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)</code></pre>
<p>思考：为啥这用<code>dict函数</code>方式来将obj转为dict?</p>
<blockquote>
<p>因为: 只有JsonDataResult这一个对象转化，且返回给前台都保持数据结构一样，不管有没塞值。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>使用代码测试</strong></p>
<pre><code class="phython">class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_json_data_result(self):
        comment = Comment()
        comment.title = &#39;python工具类-obj转dict&#39;
        comment.author = &#39;沐雨云楼&#39;
        comment.desc = &#39;怎么玩呢？&#39;

        result = JsonDataResult()
        result.success = True
        result.data = objDictTool.to_dic(comment)
        print(result.to_json())
        pass</code></pre>
<p><strong>注意几点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>对象都使用<code>JsonDataResult</code>封装的类，不用担心变量写错了，而且大家都一样对象，返回结构是一样。</li>
<li><code>result.to_json</code>里的<code>to_json</code>方法，都调用这个函数，不用每次写一大段，修改的时候，也只要修改一处即可</li>
<li>只要保证data的能够被json转化即可(data如果是类对象，记得要转化为dict类型，具体要看需求，选择obj转dict哪一种方式。如项目中使用了peewee的话，那么可以使用<code>model_to_dict</code>)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>结果：</strong></p>
<pre><code class="json">{
    &quot;data&quot;: {
        &quot;author&quot;: &quot;沐雨云楼&quot;,
        &quot;create_time&quot;: &quot;2020-06-25T10:17:43.412471&quot;,
        &quot;desc&quot;: &quot;怎么玩呢？&quot;,
        &quot;title&quot;: &quot;python工具类-obj转dict&quot;
    },
    &quot;errorCode&quot;: 0,
    &quot;message&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;success&quot;: true
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="5-4-代码"><a href="#5-4-代码" class="headerlink" title="5-4.代码"></a>5-4.代码</h3><p><a href="https://gitee.com/iworkh/iworkh-dev-python/tree/develop/code/python_test/test01" target="_blank" rel="noopener">源码坐标</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>如需要源码，可以查看。(关键代码都贴在文章里，不用看也行)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>下面贴出最终版的代码片段，供阅读</p>
<p><strong>json_tool.py</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">from datetime import datetime, date

def json_serial(obj):
    if isinstance(obj, (datetime, date)):
        return obj.isoformat()
    raise TypeError(&quot;Type {} s not serializable&quot;.format(type(obj)))</code></pre>
<p><strong>obj_dict_tool.py</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class objDictTool:
    @staticmethod
    def to_dic(obj):
        dic = {}
        for fieldkey in dir(obj):
            fieldvaule = getattr(obj, fieldkey)
            if not fieldkey.startswith(&quot;__&quot;) and not callable(fieldvaule) and not fieldkey.startswith(&quot;_&quot;):
                dic[fieldkey] = fieldvaule
        return dic

    @staticmethod
    def to_obj(obj: object, **data):
        obj.__dict__.update(data)</code></pre>
<p><strong>json_data_result.py</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">import 略

class JsonDataResult:
    success: bool = False
    errorCode: int = 0
    message: str = &#39;&#39;
    data: dict = None

    def keys(self):
        return (&#39;success&#39;, &#39;errorCode&#39;, &#39;message&#39;, &#39;data&#39;)

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return getattr(self, item)

    def to_json(self):
        return json.dumps(dict(self), default=json_serial, sort_keys=True, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
</code></pre>
<p><strong>测试类</strong></p>
<pre><code class="python">class Comment:
    title: str = &#39;&#39;
    author: str = &#39;&#39;
    desc: str = &#39;&#39;
    create_time: datetime = datetime.now()


class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_json_data_result(self):
        comment = Comment()
        comment.title = &#39;python工具类-obj转dict&#39;
        comment.author = &#39;沐雨云楼&#39;
        comment.desc = &#39;怎么玩呢？&#39;
        result = JsonDataResult()
        result.success = True
        result.data = objDictTool.to_dic(comment)
        print(result.to_json())
        pass</code></pre>

      
       <hr><span style="font-style: italic;color: gray;"> 转载请注明来源，欢迎指出任何有错误或不够清晰的表达。可以在下面评论区评论，也可以邮件至 157162006@qq.com </span>
    </div>
</article>


<p>
    <a  class="dashang" onclick="dashangToggle()">赏</a>
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<div class="article_copyright">
    <p><span class="copy-title">文章标题:</span>python对象与dict互转</p>
    <p><span class="copy-title">字数:</span><span class="post-count">3.5k</span></p>
    <p><span class="copy-title">本文作者:</span><a  title="沐雨云楼">沐雨云楼</a></p>
    <p><span class="copy-title">发布时间:</span>2020-06-24, 18:15:03</p>
    <p><span class="copy-title">最后更新:</span>2020-09-12, 21:21:47</p>
    <span class="copy-title">原始链接:</span><a class="post-url" href="/blog/2020/06/24/python-tool-obj-dict/" title="python对象与dict互转">https://iworkh.gitee.io/blog/2020/06/24/python-tool-obj-dict/</a>
    <p>
        <span class="copy-title">版权声明:</span><i class="fa fa-creative-commons"></i> <a rel="license noopener" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" title="CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International" target = "_blank">&#34;署名-非商用-相同方式共享 4.0&#34;</a> 转载请保留原文链接及作者。
    </p>
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